Cumulative Report: 1996-2001

Table of Contents:

Introductory Note
Clients, Institutional Collaboration, and Funders
Institutional Structure
Peace-Building Program
Justice Program
Human Rights Program
Balkan Program
Environmental Program

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

The Public International Law & Policy Group (PILPG) was founded in 1996. The Group provides pro bono international legal services to states in transition, newly independent states and developing states as well as non-governmental organizations, international tribunals, and international organizations in need of specialized public international legal counsel.

The Group is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization composed of public international lawyers and foreign relations specialists who are committed to promoting the rule of law in international relations. From 1996-1998 the Group operated under the auspices of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. In July 1999, the Group was granted official Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) status by the United Nations, which enables participation in UN meetings and to circulate official documents at the UN.

The work of the Group, as described in this report, is divided among its five program areas:

PEACE-BUILDING PROGRAM
JUSTICE PROGRAM
HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAM
BALKAN PROGRAM
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM

CLIENTS, INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION, AND FUNDERS

Representative Past and Present Clients

States and Governments:

Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Estonia
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Nagorno-Karabakh
Poland
South African Parliament

Non-Governmental Organizations:

Action Council for Peace in the Balkans
Alliance to Defend Bosnia
Balkan Institute
Bosnia Heritage Rescue Committee
European Balkan Action Council
International Crisis Group
NGO Delegation to the UNECE

Peace Negotiations:

Dayton Peace Accords
Rambouillet/Paris Accords
Minsk negotiations
Skopje/Lake Ohrid negotiations
Belgrade/Podgorica negotiations

Institutional Collaboration:

American University, Washington College of Law and School of International Service
Austrian Foreign Ministry
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Center for Constitutional Rights
Chicago Kent Law School
Dayton Peace Accords Project
DePaul International Human Rights Law Institute
International Legal Assistance Consortium
National American Albanian Council
New England Center for International Law & Policy
Stanley Foundation

Funders

Foundations and Individuals:

American Society of International Law
Carnegie Corporation of New York
Carolyn Mugar
Kovler Foundation
Open Society Institute
Paul Olum
Private anonymous donations
US/Albanian Foundation
United States Institute of Peace

Law Firms Providing In-Kind Pro Bono Legal Assistance:

Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle
Sherman & Sterling
Steptoe & Johnson
Sullivan & Cromwell
Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering

INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE

Advisory Board

The Group is fortunate to be able to call upon a number of eminent international law and relations experts who have agreed to serve as members of the Group’s Advisory Board. The Advisory Board includes a number of former Legal Advisors from the United States and Canadian foreign Ministries as well as a number of distinguished academics with a significant involvement in matter of international law and policy.

Managing Board

Paul Williams holds a joint appointment at American University in the Washington College of Law and School of International Service, and was formerly a Senior Associate, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Fulbright Research Scholar at the University of Cambridge and an Attorney-Advisor with the US Department of State’s Office of the Legal Advisor for European and Canadian Affairs.

Michael Scharf is a Professor of Law at the New England School of Law and Director of the New England Center for International Law and Policy. He formerly served as an Attorney-Advisor with the US Department of State’s Office of the Legal Advisor for Law Enforcement and Intelligence, and for United Nations Affairs.

James Hooper is a former senior foreign service officer with over 25 years of service in Europe and the Middle East. He has also served as the Director of the Washington office of the International Crisis Group, and as the Executive Director of the Balkan Action Council.

Members

The Group’s members include public international law experts and foreign relations specialist from North America, Europe, and Africa with many members having previous experience in their home state’s Legal Advisor’s Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Members possess expertise in the fields of human rights, minority rights, environmental protection, the use of force, self-determination, state recognition, state succession, peacekeeping, treaty negotiation and interpretation, boundary disputes, the law of international organizations, the law of the sea, the law of the European Union and comparative constitutional orders.

Associate Members

Some members of the Group are affiliated with national governments and thus their activity is limited to the educational pursuits of the Group.

Partnership with New England Center for International Law and Policy

In May 1996, Group partnered with the New England School of Law to create the New England Center for International Law and Policy. The Center promotes the study and understanding of the relationship between international law and policy, with special emphasis on problems of an economic, environmental, criminal, or humanitarian nature. To this end, the Center sponsors research, publication, teaching, pro bono assistance and the dissemination of knowledge in these areas. More specifically, the New England Center for International Law and Policy hosts an on-line International and Comparative Law Annual, and the Yugoslav War Crimes Project.

PEACE-BUILDING PROGRAM

Projects

Peace Negotiations

Dayton Peace Negotiations: The Group served as legal counsel to the Bosnian Government delegation during the negotiation of the Dayton Peace Accords. A member of the Group was accredited as a member of the Bosnian delegation and was present during the entire negotiations.

Minsk Peace Process: The Group advised the government of Nagorno-Karabagh on numerous aspects of the Minsk Peace process, which involves trilateral negotiations among Armenia, Nagorno-Karabagh and Azerbaijan on the final status of Nagorno-Karabagh.

Montenegrin/Serbian Future Status Negotiations: The Group provided legal counsel to Montenegro during its negotiations with the Republic of Serbia over the future status of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Rambouillet/Paris Negotiations: The Group served as legal and political counsel to the Kosovar Albanian delegation during the negotiation of the Rambouillet/Paris Accords. Two members of the Group were accredited as members of the delegation and were present during the entire negotiations.

Skopje/Lake Ohrid Peace Negotiations: The Group served as legal and political counsel to the Macedonian-Albanian political parties participating in the negotiation of the Skopje/Lake Ohrid Peace Accords. A member of the Group was present in Tetevo and Skopje during much of the actual negotiations.

Border Negotiations

Russian/Estonian Border Negotiations: The Group provided legal advice to Estonia during its negotiations with Russia concerning the legal basis for the delineation and demarcation of the Russian-Estonian border.

Diplomacy Gaming

Kosovo Final Status: The Group is running a three part series of diplomacy gaming scenarios role playing final status negotiations for Kosovo in an attempt to anticipate impediments to a peaceful resolution of the matter and to test possible solutions. The Group will prepare a blueprint for negotiating final status in Kosovo to be distributed to relevant parties in the region, U.S. and Europe.

Intermediate Sovereignty

Earned Recognition: The Group has embarked on a project designed to promote the incorporation of the concept of intermediate sovereignty and earned recognition into efforts to resolve ethnic conflicts by evaluating the suitability of these concepts as strategic approaches to conflict resolution; refining them for application to current and future conflicts; and imbedding them into the foreign policy debate and the foreign policy decision making process in the United States. To accomplish these goals, the Group is hosting a program of activities over a two year period, which will include: a three part monograph series, a media handbook, seven multi-disciplinary expert roundtable workshops, a series of op-eds, the development of a resource based website, and non-advocacy legislative initiatives.

Congressional Testimony

The Group has assisted in arranging for its members to provide the following Congressional testimony:

“Winning the Peace in Kosovo: Time to Formulate a Strategy,” Senate Foreign Relations Committee's Sub-Committee on European Affairs (June 2000) by Paul Williams.

“U.S. Choices in Kosovo,” Senate Foreign Relations Committee (1998) by James Hooper.

Conferences

“Bridging the Taiwan Strait: Problems and Prospects for China’s Reunification or Taiwan’s Independence.” Co-sponsored with the New England Center for International Law and Policy (Boston, November 1997).

“The Kosovo Crisis: Potential Solutions.” Co-sponsored with the European Bosnian Action Council and co-hosted by the Austrian Foreign Ministry (Vienna, November 1997). In March 1998 the paper was retrieved from the Carnegie Endowment web site over 4,100 times.

Publications

“A Blueprint for Kosovo Final Status Negotiations” (forthcoming 2002).

“A Blueprint for Resolving the Nagorno-Karabagh Crisis,” published by the New England Center for International Law and Policy (June 2000).

“Intermediate Sovereignty as a Solution to the Kosova Crisis,” published by the International Crisis Group (1998).

“Kosovo: From Crisis to Solution,” prepared in conjunction with the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (November 1, 1997).

Op-eds

“A Vote Against Peace in Bosnia,” Washington Times (October 5, 1998) by Marshall Freeman Harris.

“Bridging the Taiwan Strait,” The Christian Science Monitor (December 3, 1997) by Michael Scharf.

“Promise Them Anything,” The Weekly Standard (December 18, 1995) by Paul Williams.

Print and Broadcast Media

Members of the Group have been interviewed by the following media on matters relating to peace building: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, San Francisco Chronicle, Christian Science Monitor, Newsday, Turkish Daily News, Reuters, Associated Press, Agence France Presse, U.S. News and World Report, Newsweek, Time, New Republic, ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, Cable News Network, MSNBC, CNBC, BBC TV, Australian Public Broadcasting, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Danish Broadcasting Corporation, National Public Radio, Austrian Public Radio, Voice of America, BBC Radio 4, and Radio Free Europe.

Funders

Funding for various aspects of the Peace-Building Program has been provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York, Carolyn Mugar, the United States Institute of Peace and substantial in-kind contributions from the law firms of Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle; Sullivan & Cromwell; and Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering.

JUSTICE PROGRAM

Projects

Assisting the Yugoslav Tribunal

Yugoslav War Crimes Tribunal Clinic: Since 1996 the Group, in cooperation with the New England School of Law has provided over 25 legal memoranda to the Yugoslav Tribunal’s Office of the Prosecutor on a wide range of legal issues relating to the prosecutions of individuals for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide.

Expert Opinion: Through one of its members, the Group drafted extensive background papers for use in the preparation of the Prosecution’s case against Tihofil Blaskic. The papers addressed the relationship between ethnic violence and the political objectives of the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Croats. Assistance was also provided on preparing the indictment for Slobodan Milosevic for war crimes committed in Bosnia.

Assisting the Rwanda Tribunal

Rwanda War Crimes Tribunal Clinic: Since 1998 the Group, in cooperation with the New England School of Law, has provided over 75 legal memoranda to the Rwanda Tribunal’s Office of the Prosecutor.

Truth Commission

Bosnian Truth Commission: The Group assisted the United States Institute of Peace in efforts to establish a Truth Commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina to carry out certain functions which are not within the mandate of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.

Public Diplomacy

Making Justice Work: At the request of the Twentieth Century Fund, the Group served as legal counsel to the Fund’s Task Force on Apprehending War Criminals, Chaired by Judge Goldstone. Members of the Group contributed substantially to the final report entitled “Making Justice Work,” released in April 1998.

Bringing War Criminals to Justice: Together with the Balkan Institute and the Center for International Programs at the University of Dayton, the Group created an expert working group to identify and advocate for means by which Yugoslavian war criminals could be brought to justice.

Combating Impunity

Drafting Guidelines for Combating Impunity: The Group, in cooperation with DePaul University’s International Human Rights Law Institute, drafted a set of Guiding Principles for Combating Impunity for International Crimes which was submitted to the United Nations. As part of the attempt to promote awareness of these Guiding Principles, the Group co-chaired a weekend-long seminar hosted by the Stanley Foundation, and sponsored a panel at the Annual International Law Association meeting on the topic of the merits of such Guiding Principles.

Congressional Testimony

The Group has assisted in arranging for its members to provide the following Congressional testimony:

“Holding War Criminals Accountable,” Joint Committee on Security and Cooperation in Europe (September 1999) by Paul Williams.

"Hostile Outsider or Influential Insider? American Policy Toward the International Criminal Court," House Human Rights Caucus (September 2000) by Michael Scharf.

“A Case for the International Criminal Court,” Senate Foreign Relations Committee (July 23, 1998) by Michael Scharf.

Conferences

"Responding to Rogue Regimes: From Smart Bombs to Smart Sanctions." Co-sponsored with New England School of Law's Center for International Law and Policy (Boston, November 2001).

“Combating Impunity: Universal Jurisdiction: Myths, Realities, and Prospects." Co-sponsored with New England School of Law's Center for International Law and Policy (Boston, November 2000).

“The Dayton Accords and Beyond: Bringing War Criminals to Justice.” Co-sponsored with the University of Dayton (November 1997).

Publications

“The Role of Justice in Peace Building: War Crimes and Accountability in the Former Yugoslavia,” published by Rowman & Littlefield (forthcoming 2002).

“Indictment at the Hague: The Milosevic Regime and Crimes of the Balkan Wars,” New York University Press (forthcoming 2001).

“A Prima Facie Case for the Indictment of Slobodan Milosevic,” published by the Bosnia Institute and reprinted in the United Kingdom, United States, Germany and Bosnia (April 1996).

Op-eds

“How the Lockerbie Trial Paid Off For U.S. Security Interests,” The Boston Globe (February 10, 2001) by Michael Scharf.

“Indicted for War Crimes, Then What,” The Washington Post (October 3, 1999) by Michael Scharf.

“War Criminals Must be Prosecuted,” The Boston Herald (July 3, 1999) by Michael Scharf.

“Indict Serbia’s Milosevic for Crimes Against Humanity,” International Herald Tribune (March 21, 1998) by Michael Scharf and Paul Williams.

“Reward Serbs With the Town of Brcko? Don’t Do It,” Christian Science Monitor (March 11, 1998) Paul Williams and Norman Cigar.

“The Tribunal’s Own Failings,” Tribunal, A Publication of the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (August/September 1997) by Bruce Hitchner.

“For the Peace in the Balkans, Indict Milosevic Now,” International Herald Tribune (January 8, 1997) by Norman Cigar and Paul Williams.

“International Justice: Luring Out Humanity's Dark Side,” The Boston Globe (December 1, 1996) by Michael Scharf.

Print and Broadcast Media

Members of the Group have been interviewed by the following media on matters relating to justice and war crimes: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, Christian Science Monitor, Newsday, Reuters, Associated Press, Agence France Presse, U.S. News and World Report, ABC News, CBS News, CNN Burden of Proof, MSNBC, CNBC, BBC TV, Court TV, New England Cable Channel, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Danish Broadcasting Corporation, National Public Radio, Austrian Public Radio, Voice of America, and Radio Free Europe.

Funders

Funding for various aspects of the Justice Program has been provided by the Open Society Institute and the United States Institute of Peace.

HUMAN RIGHTS PROGRAM

Projects

Nationality and Citizenship

Estonia’s Russian Minority: The Group provided legal advice to the Government of Estonia concerning international standards relating to nationality, citizenship and the protection of national minority rights for Russians and others living in Estonia.

Estonia’s Immigration Regime: The Group advised the Government of Estonia as to the consistency of its draft asylum law and immigration law with basic principles of public international law and the 1951 UN Convention on Refugees.

Children

Rights of the Child: The Group reviewed existing Estonian laws on citizenship and on aliens to determine whether they were consistent with general principles of international law, various international agreements relating specifically to the rights of children, European state practice, and the guidelines set by the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities.

Due Process Protections

Due Process and Counter-Drug Operations in South Africa: The Group advised the Parliament of South Africa on a series of international law questions relating to due process, human rights protections and narcotics trafficking with respect to the rights and obligations of South Africa under the 1988 Vienna Convention on Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances.

Implementing Human Rights Norms

General Human Rights: In conjunction with Cornell Law School, the Group drafted a series of legal memorandums for the OSCE, Republic of Estonia, and European Commission on matters relating to the implementation of human rights norms, and innovative means for enforcing those norms.

Somalia: The Group provided preliminary legal assistance to women’s groups representing Somali women subjected to atrocities during the Somali civil conflict.

Rule of Law

International Legal Assistance Consortium: Under the leadership of the International Bar Association the Group participated with a select group of other organizations in creating the International Legal Assistance Consortium which is designed to provide experts to countries on a speedy basis who would make assessments and recommendations on accountability and rule of law issues in the aftermath of conflict or transition.

Op-eds

“Rebuild Afghanistan,” The Washington Times (October 24, 2001) by Bruce Hitchner and Paul Williams.

“U.S. Could Have Justified War Acts,” The National Law Journal (June 7, 1999) by Michael Scharf.

Print and Broadcast Media

Members of the Group have been interviewed by the following media on matters relating to human rights: Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Dallas Morning News, Christian Science Monitor, Newsday, Dayton Daily News, Reuters, Agence France Presse, Cable News Network, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, National Public Radio, Austrian Public Radio, Voice of America, and Radio Free Europe.

Funders

Support for the Human Rights Program has come from the pro bono assistance of the Group’s members, and substantial in-kind contributions from the law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell.

BALKAN PROGRAM

Projects

Peace Negotiations

Pre-Dayton Negotiations: The Group provided legal advice to the Government of Bosnia-Herzegovina on matters relating to the British Government’s proposal to consider a peace plan based on a “Loose Union” of Bosnian states; claims of the Republic of Srpska to be an independent state; and the actual extent of the UN mandate in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Dayton, Rambouillet, Skopje/Lake Ohrid: As noted above, members of the Group served on delegations to the Dayton, Rambouillet and Skopje/Lake Ohrid peace negotiations.

Bosnia-Herzegovina Project

Independent Commission on UNPROFOR: Two members of the Group served on the British-based Independent Commission on UNPROFOR, which evaluated the overall effectiveness of the UNPROFOR deployment and made recommendations for improving its ability to accomplish its mandate.

Draft UN General Assembly Resolution: Together with diplomatic representatives of Turkey, Venezuela, Malaysia, Morocco and Pakistan the Group drafted a UN General Assembly resolution declaring that the UN arms embargo may not be legitimately applied to Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Bosnia Electoral Reform: The Balkan Action Council, a program of PILPG, prepared a report outlining the electoral obstacles to attaining self-sustaining peace in Bosnia and recommended several specific reforms to improve the multiethnic and democratic aspects of the electoral process. The report was promoted during two trips to Bosnia and during discussions with U.S. decision-makers. It was also widely disseminated to congressional staff members, foreign government representatives, the media and others.

Balkan Action Council: The Council, a program of PILPG, implemented an active educational and advocacy effort on a range of Balkan issues that initially focused heavily on Dayton implementation. Utilizing an Executive Committee of former senior U.S. Government officials including Morton Abramowitz, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Frank Carlucci, Max Kampelman, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Helmut Sonnenfeldt, and Paul Wolfowitz, the Council developed policy alternatives and communicated them to officials and the media.

The Council was particularly active during the Kosovo war, with briefings for the media, op-eds and discussions with U.S. and NATO officials. A press conference held at the National Press Club at which several members of the Executive Committee urged that U.S. ground troops be considered for Kosovo received prominent coverage in the national media, including the primary evening news programs and CNN.

The Council also worked closely with members of the then-Serbian democratic opposition to encourage broader-based cooperation within Serbia and U.S. government funding for democratization efforts via the National Endowment for Democracy. The Council helped organize visits to Washington by democratic opposition leaders. In a related effort, the Council provided strong support for measures to uphold the security of Montenegro, which broke with FRY President Slobodan Milosevic and served as a crucial base of operations for the Serbian democratic opposition and media.

Brcko Arbitration: The Group provided focused legal and political counsel to the Government of Bosnia-Herzegovina on matters relating to the arbitration of the municipality of Brcko.

State Succession: The Group provided assistance to the Government of Bosnia-Herzegovina on matters of state succession related to the Brussels Conference on State Succession.

Policy Planning: The Group participated in a series of policy-planning workshops directed by the President of Bosnia for the purpose of developing a post-Dayton policy for peace in the Balkans. The Group also participated in a number of conferences in Stockholm, Sarajevo, and Dayton designed to establish a blueprint for a post-Dayton peace in Bosnia.

Asylum: Members of the Group provided expert testimony concerning the political asylum applications of refugees from the territory of the former Yugoslavia.

Kosovo Project

Kosovo Advisory Council: Together with Chicago Kent Law School, the Group has worked to create a Kosovo Advisory Council to marshal pro bono economic development assistance and strategic consulting for the Kosovo government.

Macedonia Project

Use of the Name “Republic of Macedonia”: The Group advised the President of Macedonia on the options available to Macedonia in the UN to unblock the impasse over the use of the name “Republic of Macedonia.” At the request of the President a second memorandum was prepared outlining possible means for arbitrating the matter, or filing a case before the International Court of Justice.

Economic Blockade: The Group prepared for Macedonia an extensive analysis of the Greek economic blockade against Macedonia arising out of the dispute concerning use of the name “Republic of Macedonia.”

Montenegro Project

Montenegrin/Serbian Future Status Negotiations: The Group provided legal counsel to Montenegro during its negotiations with the Republic of Serbia over the future status of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Independence Referendum: The Group has provided a series of detailed legal memoranda analyzing the international legal requirements for a valid referendum on the question of Montenegro’s status.

International Recognition: The Group is providing a legal memorandum outlining the steps a sub-state entity must undertake in order to gain international recognition as an independent state.

State Succession: The Group is undertaking to provide a detailed legal analysis of the international law of state succession relevant to Montenegro in the event it seeks international recognition. Topics covered include state succession to debts, assets, treaties, and membership in international organizations.

Congressional Testimony

The Group has assisted in arranging for its members to provide the following Congressional testimony:

“An Overview of Balkans Policy Issues,” House International Relations Committee (2001) by James Hooper.

“Democratization in Serbia,” Senate Foreign Relations Committee (1999) by James Hooper.

“Background to the Kosovo Crisis,” Senate Armed Services Committee (1998) by James Hooper.

Publications

“Current Legal Status of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) and of Serbia and Montenegro,” published by the International Crisis Group (September 2000).

“Intermediate Sovereignty as a Solution to the Kosova Crisis,” published by the International Crisis Group (1998).

“Kosovo: From Crisis to Solution,” prepared in conjunction with the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (November 1, 1997).

“Implementing the Dayton Accords: Options and Recommendations,” published by Dayton University (September 1997).

Op-eds

“Making Sense of American Policy,” Kosova and Balkan Observer (August 2001) by James Hooper.

“Dayton Still Plays Part in Peace Process,” Dayton Daily News (December 20, 2000) by Bruce Hitchner.

“West Shouldn’t Lift Sanctions Just Yet,” Dayton Daily News (October 8, 2000) by Bruce Hitchner.

“Kosovo’s Mark: Nationalism, Democracy, and Power in the Balkans,” Harvard International Review (Summer 2000) by James Hooper.

“Washington’s Long Knives,” The Washington Times (August 13, 1999) by James Hooper.

“Can We Solve the Kosovo Problem,” The Dallas Morning News (April 11, 1999) by James Hooper.

“Why Kosovo Matters,” Current History (April 1999) by James Hooper.

“Europe in Control,” The Washington Times (February 11, 1999) by James Hooper.

“U.S. Caves in Kosovo,” The Christian Science Monitor (September 17, 1998) by James Hooper

“Kosovo Policy Disaster Deepens,” The Oregonian (August 9, 1998) by James Hooper.

“The West Must Act to Avoid a Bosnia Redux,” The Wall Street Journal Europe (March 27, 1998) by Paul Williams and Norman Cigar.

“The Dayton Peace Accords are Working in the Balkans,” Dayton Daily News (February 11, 1998) by Bruce Hitchner.

“Staying Involved in Bosnia Makes Sense for America,” Dayton Daily News (November 21, 1997) by Bruce Hitchner.

“Serbia After Milosevic,” Christian Science Monitor (January 16, 1997) by Norman Cigar and Paul Williams.

“Une Lourde Violation du Droit International,” Le Monde (June 29, 1995) by Paul Williams.

“Why the Bosnian Arms Embargo is Illegal,” Wall Street Journal Europe (June 15, 1995) by Paul Williams.

“UN Members Share Guilt for the Genocide in Bosnia,” The Christian Science Monitor (August 8, 1995) by Paul Williams.

“The Crippling of Bosnia,” The Tablet (February 25, 1995) by Paul Williams.

Print and Broadcast Media

Members of the Group have been interviewed by the following media on matters relating to the Balkans: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, Dallas Morning News, San Francisco Chronicle, Christian Science Monitor, Newsday, Dayton Daily News, Turkish Daily News, Reuters, Associated Press, Agence France Presse, U.S. News and World Report, Newsweek, Time, New Republic, ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, Cable News Network, MSNBC, CNBC, BBC TV, Australian Public Broadcasting, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Danish Broadcasting Corporation, National Public Radio, Austrian Public Radio, Voice of America, BBC Radio 4, and Radio Free Europe.

Funders

Funding for various aspects of the Balkan Program has been provided by the Open Society Institute, United States Institute of Peace, Kovler Foundation, Paul Olum, significant private anonymous donations, the US/Albanian Foundation, and substantial in-kind contributions from the law firms of Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle; Sullivan & Cromwell; and Wilmer, Cutler and Pickering.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM

Projects

International Negotiations

UN-ECE Convention: Members of the Group formed a working group to advise the NGO Coalition participating in the drafting of the UN-ECE Convention on Access to Information and Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making.

Expert Advice

Polish Environmental Law: The Group provided assistance to the Government of Poland with respect to the drafting of a new comprehensive Law on the Environment.

Czech NGO Capacity Building: The Group provided assistance to a variety of Czech NGO’s on improving civic participation in industrial decisions impacting the environment.

North American Environmental Cooperation: Two members of the Group are providing assistance to the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation as American Bar Association Liaisons.

International Litigation

Global Warming: The Group advised Small Island states on the possibility for bringing a global warming case before the International Court of Justice:

Conferences

“Environmental Protection in Poland and the Region.” Co-organized by Dan Cole, and cosponsored by the Polish Studies Center and the Russian and East European Institute (Bloomington, April 1996).

Op-eds

“An Invisible Hand for Poland’s Environment,” Wall Street Journal Europe (September 27, 1995) by Dan Cole.

Print and Broadcast Media

Members of the Group have been interviewed by the following media on matters relating to the environment: Wall Street Journal, Christian Science Monitor, Reuters, Australian Public Radio, and Radio Free Europe.

Funders

Support for the Environmental Program has come exclusively from the pro bono assistance of the Group’s members.